https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE/assertion http://eurovoc.europa.eu/2919 http://schema.org/description http://eurovoc.europa.eu/2919 http://schema.org/name Environmental research http://eurovoc.europa.eu/2919 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/DefinedTerm http://eurovoc.europa.eu/3941 http://schema.org/description http://eurovoc.europa.eu/3941 http://schema.org/name Life sciences http://eurovoc.europa.eu/3941 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/DefinedTerm http://eurovoc.europa.eu/3946 http://schema.org/description http://eurovoc.europa.eu/3946 http://schema.org/name Physical sciences http://eurovoc.europa.eu/3946 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/DefinedTerm http://eurovoc.europa.eu/5651 http://schema.org/description http://eurovoc.europa.eu/5651 http://schema.org/name Genetics http://eurovoc.europa.eu/5651 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/DefinedTerm http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/-107053379 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Domain http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/-107053379 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel biology http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/-938161625 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Expression http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/-938161625 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel WGS data http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/100007051 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Concept http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/100007051 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel genome http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/100007461 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Concept http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/100007461 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel deoxyribonucleic acid http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/100128601 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Concept http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/100128601 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel bioinformatics http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/100199819 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Concept http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/100199819 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel Atlantic cod http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/101183478 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Concept http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/101183478 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel rerun http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/102995675 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Concept http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/102995675 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel result http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/105054733 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Concept http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/105054733 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel caution http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/1301252228 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Expression http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/1301252228 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel eukaryote genome http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/155136 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Concept http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/155136 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel repeat http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/1810438714 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Domain http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/1810438714 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel genetics http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/1863602872 http://schema.org/name aDNA Background http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/1863602872 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Organization http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/2049042284 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Expression http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/2049042284 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel repeat oligonucleotide http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/27586 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Concept http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/27586 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel datum http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/305016 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Concept http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/305016 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel repeat http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/305079596 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Expression http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/305079596 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel Ag dinucleotide repeat http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/312237 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Concept http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/312237 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel dinucleotide http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/38959 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Concept http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/38959 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel information http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/409672860 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Domain http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/409672860 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel biochemistry http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/42818 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Concept http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/42818 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel self http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/525441334 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/contentdesc#Expression http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#subject/525441334 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel sequence datum https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/#enrichment_service-account-enrichment http://schema.org/name service-account-enrichment https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/#enrichment_service-account-enrichment http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/about http://eurovoc.europa.eu/2919 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/about http://eurovoc.europa.eu/3941 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/about http://eurovoc.europa.eu/3946 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/about http://eurovoc.europa.eu/5651 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/author mailto:bastiaan.star@rohub.com https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/contentSize 9267 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/contentUrl https://api.rohub.org/api/ros/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/crate/download/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/creator mailto:georgehadib@gmail.com https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/dateCreated 2022-03-22 00:54:04.190657+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/dateModified 2025-03-05 00:46:16.453610+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/datePublished 2022-03-22 00:54:04.190657+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/description Background: Repetitive microsatellite DNA forms a universal component of eukaryote genomes. These repeats provide well-recognized bioinformatics challenges, for instance when assembling genomes or aligning sequence data. Moreover, the specific biochemical properties of repetitive DNA can influence the outcome of laboratory protocols. These properties however, are not often considered when analyzing whole genome sequence (WGS) data. Results: Here we report that the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) genome contains an order of magnitude more dinucleotide repeats than the majority of vertebrate genomes, with over eight percent of its genome that can be classified as either AC or AG dinucleotide repeat. Furthermore, the abundance of these repeats can be inflated in ancient DNA (aDNA) WGS data generated from this species, in particular in poorly preserved samples. This repeat inflation is suppressed by a reduced number of amplification cycles and by the inclusion of manufactured dinucleotide repeat oligonucleotides during amplification. Conclusion: Our data support a hypothesis whereby endogenous repetitive aDNA fragments self-prime, initiating a biased amplification reaction leading to artificially high levels of AC and AG repeats. This process appears to be particularly efficient in Atlantic cod –likely due to its high genomic content of repeats with relatively simple sequence complexity– providing an opportunity to detect a phenomenon not previously considered in an aDNA context. While the extent of self-priming in other studies is unclear, we nonetheless urge caution when quantifying repeat content in aDNA WGS data, given that self-priming may be difficult to detect if this process affects more complex repeat structures than dinucleotide repeats. https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/encodingFormat application/ld+json https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/hasPart https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/576c506c-fc1d-4fd9-b604-0b5f2c0897ab https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/hasPart https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/6793a34a-65c4-4ae0-965f-49dc9a708157 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/hasPart https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/7716b542-efcf-4d5b-b30c-37fe4a924228 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/hasPart https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/89593cb9-2778-4cbb-b01b-ee7672900d0e https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/identifier https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/license https://choosealicense.com/no-permission/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://schema.org/name Amplification bias in aDNA https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#creation_mode MANUAL https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/ro#ResearchObject https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/roevo#LiveRO https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/Dataset https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://w3id.org/ro/earth-science#DataResearchObject https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/ro/terms/earth-science#DataResearchObject https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ https://www.w3.org/ns/iana/link-relations/relation#cite-as Bastiaan Star. "Amplification bias in aDNA." ROHub. Mar 22 ,2022. https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba. https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/576c506c-fc1d-4fd9-b604-0b5f2c0897ab http://schema.org/name metadata https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/576c506c-fc1d-4fd9-b604-0b5f2c0897ab http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/wf4ever#Folder https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/576c506c-fc1d-4fd9-b604-0b5f2c0897ab http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/Dataset https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/6793a34a-65c4-4ae0-965f-49dc9a708157 http://schema.org/hasPart https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/6793a34a-65c4-4ae0-965f-49dc9a708157 http://schema.org/name data https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/6793a34a-65c4-4ae0-965f-49dc9a708157 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/wf4ever#Folder https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/6793a34a-65c4-4ae0-965f-49dc9a708157 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/Dataset https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/7716b542-efcf-4d5b-b30c-37fe4a924228 http://schema.org/name raw data https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/7716b542-efcf-4d5b-b30c-37fe4a924228 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/wf4ever#Folder https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/7716b542-efcf-4d5b-b30c-37fe4a924228 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/Dataset https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/89593cb9-2778-4cbb-b01b-ee7672900d0e http://schema.org/name biblio https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/89593cb9-2778-4cbb-b01b-ee7672900d0e http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/wf4ever#Folder https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/folders/89593cb9-2778-4cbb-b01b-ee7672900d0e http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/Dataset https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation Star, B. (2015).Amplification bias in aDNA [Data set]. Norstore. https://doi.org/10.11582/2015.00013 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a http://purl.org/dc/terms/rightsHolder Bastiaan Star https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a http://purl.org/dc/terms/type Experiment https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a http://schema.org/author mailto:georgehadib@gmail.com https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a http://schema.org/contentUrl https://archive.sigma2.no/pages/public/datasetDetail.jsf?id=10.11582/2015.00013 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a http://schema.org/creator mailto:georgehadib@gmail.com https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a http://schema.org/dateCreated 2015-04-23 00:00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a http://schema.org/dateModified 2022-03-22 00:54:14.343216+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a http://schema.org/description Background: Repetitive microsatellite DNA forms a universal component of eukaryote genomes. These repeats provide well-recognized bioinformatics challenges, for instance when assembling genomes or aligning sequence data. Moreover, the specific biochemical properties of repetitive DNA can influence the outcome of laboratory protocols. These properties however, are not often considered when analyzing whole genome sequence (WGS) data. Results: Here we report that the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) genome contains an order of magnitude more dinucleotide repeats than the majority of vertebrate genomes, with over eight percent of its genome that can be classified as either AC or AG dinucleotide repeat. Furthermore, the abundance of these repeats can be inflated in ancient DNA (aDNA) WGS data generated from this species, in particular in poorly preserved samples. This repeat inflation is suppressed by a reduced number of amplification cycles and by the inclusion of manufactured dinucleotide repeat oligonucleotides during amplification. Conclusion: Our data support a hypothesis whereby endogenous repetitive aDNA fragments self-prime, initiating a biased amplification reaction leading to artificially high levels of AC and AG repeats. This process appears to be particularly efficient in Atlantic cod –likely due to its high genomic content of repeats with relatively simple sequence complexity– providing an opportunity to detect a phenomenon not previously considered in an aDNA context. While the extent of self-priming in other studies is unclear, we nonetheless urge caution when quantifying repeat content in aDNA WGS data, given that self-priming may be difficult to detect if this process affects more complex repeat structures than dinucleotide repeats. https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a http://schema.org/license https://choosealicense.com/no-permission/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a http://schema.org/name Amplification bias in aDNA https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a http://schema.org/sdDatePublished 2015-04-23 00:00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/wf4ever#Dataset https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/wf4ever#Resource https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/MediaObject https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/resources/c580323a-445f-4d1b-8af8-45472ee3144a https://schema.org/maintainer Bastiaan Star https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ro-crate-metadata.json http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo https://w3id.org/ro/crate/1.1 https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ro-crate-metadata.json http://schema.org/about https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ro-crate-metadata.json http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/CreativeWork mailto:bastiaan.star@rohub.com http://schema.org/email bastiaan.star@rohub.com mailto:bastiaan.star@rohub.com http://schema.org/name Bastiaan Star mailto:bastiaan.star@rohub.com http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent mailto:georgehadib@gmail.com http://schema.org/name Geo H. mailto:georgehadib@gmail.com http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://api.rohub.org/api/ros/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/crate/download/ro-crate-metadata.json https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-03-03T16:17:43.147+01:00 https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://w3id.org/kpxl/gen/terms/RoCrateBot https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/ro-id/74822014-e875-4820-998b-593365c726ba/ https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/nanopub/x/RoCrateNanopub https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Amplification bias in aDNA https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAxszSDYX5tuCSkP7UiCtftYPFNQVTjgNu0I5fwdML2DLRDlp0xzmsQXRk8oHuvwGvG1aMjj6cpUqO+0rz2Sg/wvHOgUpkRH8VJXvmlkhafMLCMtUtk5JIx7e+fkzCby+fnmD7kMkGLrT+OaExWwEDmNlCAt0TPKcHSdwsjso2isXjtAsGevyCMke8ufnFYpjs746JES1eNzVnHnn2Kp/lqcm60GM+J8dLgRZp7fX0anW098xhKym6+xXFzqeju0vYRIHBPerv+r7skWxwk+a7Sd8msqVeYEv6NTqnyWvyWb6Yh8cvj04N6qm/T6C5FUPLQhzSaQgMVMU6yLqjPuu9DwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature uED5R+H1GWSPdk/hhxgBJM68ZZ7BT3IaE0rI8y79D7XcdNryjCN7Fm3bdChfSw6pvq2jx63zW8a5/JEm/2VTl0YaOiwJ7mm5gbrBUqcuyzp+6UVJj3feweGwzieZwW+XHs5dCkveSSksse8NnOVmweW+6wlpNRifGGA9Hqp/m6RcMZAKFbXgeSEgQLlMCzLBque2PrZe9M0Zg2Qa3S8i2uW+40TZZqbsHgIQrFf82R/n7Ry3B0RrDfOstQe+OVUeURSxPzonSc9opKqeq7vsR3tMAg8V7KdRKVaZF7n0WSO23mtCUiBsrrbwcfcM9Z1jmwSd1+6NQgKckPuUnu8opQ== https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE https://w3id.org/np/RAzRLOiAKsrOmk6jpZg6xSM3TK8I9gm5wxM76yJjzKzNE/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://w3id.org/kpxl/gen/terms/RoCrateBot