Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways
has assertion: assertion
has provenance: provenance
has publication info: pubinfo
type: Nanopublication
created: 2026-03-03T15:48:17.349+01:00
creator: RoCrateBot
type: RoCrateNanopub

Ecology
type: DefinedTerm

Generation Service
type: Agent
type: Person

NATL CENTRE MARINE RESEARCH
type: organization

bibliographic reference
type: Concept

CNR-ISMAR
type: organization

botany
type: Domain

European Union
type: Organization

Mediterranean Sea
type: Place

Suez Canal
type: Expression

species
type: Concept

introduction trend
type: Expression

Mediterranean Sea
type: Place
wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4918

species
type: Concept
norm score: 6.1660561660561655
score: 10.1

https://w3id.org/ro-id/0602d587-161d-4ece-8726-cd8f16d8c11f
name: Approximately 20 species have been introduced with certainty via aquaculture, while >50 species (mostly macroalgae), occurring in the vicinity of oyster farms, are assumed to be introduced accidentally as contaminants of imported species.
type: Sentence
norm score: 13.584905660377359
score: 10.8

life sciences
type: NASA
norm score: 50.0
score: 0.6390897035598755

Animal
type: IPTC
path: Human interest/Animal

aquaculture
type: Concept
norm score: 4.639804639804639
score: 7.6

ship-mediated species
type: Phrase
norm score: 7.773109243697479
score: 7.4

Adriatic Sea
type: Place
wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13924

Suez Canal
type: Lemma
norm score: 6.079295154185022
score: 6.9

Mediterranean Sea
type: Concept
norm score: 6.593406593406593
score: 10.8

mollusc
type: Lemma
norm score: 7.224669603524228
score: 8.2

zoology
type: Domain
norm score: 20.512820512820515
score: 9.6

Suez Canal
type: Concept
norm score: 4.822954822954823
score: 7.9

https://w3id.org/ro-id/2074d08e-fec7-446f-b597-37d017471b77
name: The dominant group among alien species is molluscs (with 215 species), followed by crustaceans (159) and polychaetes (132). Macrophytes are the leading group of NIS in the ADRIA and the WMED, reaching 26-30% of all aliens, whereas in the EMED they barely constitute 10% of the introductions.
type: Sentence
norm score: 15.849056603773585
score: 12.6

Crustacea
type: Concept
norm score: 3.968253968253968
score: 6.5

polychaete
type: Lemma
norm score: 5.726872246696035
score: 6.5

botany
type: Domain
norm score: 8.119658119658121
score: 3.8

ship-mediated species
type: Phrase
norm score: 7.878151260504201
score: 7.5

species shipping
type: Phrase
norm score: 13.34033613445378
score: 12.7

Lessepsian species decline
type: Phrase
norm score: 19.222689075630253
score: 18.3

alien species
type: Lemma
norm score: 8.898678414096917
score: 10.1

life sciences (general)
type: NASA
norm score: 50.0
score: 0.6390897035598755

Mediterranean Sea
type: Lemma
norm score: 8.370044052863436
score: 9.5

polychaete
type: Lemma
norm score: 5.726872246696035
score: 6.5

Mediterranean Sea
type: Concept
norm score: 6.593406593406593
score: 10.8

marine biology
type: Domain
norm score: 7.905982905982906
score: 3.7

environmental science and management
type: FieldOfResearch
norm score: 50.0
score: 0.8094221353530884

The number of alien species continues to increase, by 2-3 species per year for macrophytes, molluscs and polychaetes, 3-4 species per year for crustaceans, and 6 species per year for fish.
type: Sentence
norm score: 20.62893081761006
score: 16.4

since 2011
type: TimeReference

Aquaculture
type: IPTC
path: Economy, business and finance/Economic sector/Agriculture/Aquaculture

by 2012
type: TimeReference

polychaete
type: Concept
norm score: 4.456654456654456
score: 7.3

Adriatic Sea
type: Concept
norm score: 2.3199023199023197
score: 3.8

Suez Canal
type: Place
wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899

Suez Canal
type: Lemma
norm score: 6.167400881057269
score: 7.0

species
type: Lemma
norm score: 7.75330396475771
score: 8.8

central Mediterranean
type: Phrase
norm score: 4.621848739495799
score: 4.4

Suez
type: Place
wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134514

species
type: Concept
norm score: 3.1746031746031744
score: 5.2

European Union
type: Organization
wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458

biology
type: Domain
norm score: 13.461538461538462
score: 6.3

central Mediterranean
type: Phrase
norm score: 4.621848739495799
score: 4.4

polychaete
type: Concept
norm score: 4.456654456654456
score: 7.3

category
type: Concept
norm score: 2.1978021978021975
score: 3.6

Environmental pollution
type: IPTC
path: Environment/Environmental pollution

by 2012
type: TimeReference

botany
type: Domain
norm score: 8.119658119658121
score: 3.8

Lessepsian species decline
type: Phrase
norm score: 19.01260504201681
score: 18.1

Adriatic Sea
type: Place
wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13924

alien species
type: Lemma
norm score: 8.898678414096917
score: 10.1

species
type: Concept
norm score: 6.1660561660561655
score: 10.1

species
type: Concept
norm score: 3.1746031746031744
score: 5.2

The number of alien species continues to increase, by 2-3 species per year for macrophytes, molluscs and polychaetes, 3-4 species per year for crustaceans, and 6 species per year for fish.
type: Sentence
norm score: 20.62893081761006
score: 16.4

https://w3id.org/ro-id/a11bfdb1-4b46-470e-913c-6498127a5720
name: Approximately 20 species have been introduced with certainty via aquaculture, while >50 species (mostly macroalgae), occurring in the vicinity of oyster farms, are assumed to be introduced accidentally as contaminants of imported species.
type: Sentence
norm score: 13.459119496855346
score: 10.7

Plant
type: IPTC
path: Human interest/Plant

Mediterranean Sea
type: Place
wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4918

Animal
type: IPTC
path: Human interest/Animal

Mediterranean Sea
type: Lemma
norm score: 8.370044052863436
score: 9.5

environmental science and management
type: FieldOfResearch
norm score: 50.0
score: 0.8094221353530884

Adriatic Sea
type: Concept
norm score: 2.3199023199023197
score: 3.8

Plant
type: IPTC
path: Human interest/Plant

service-account-enrichment
type: Agent

Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways
performs task: bibliographic reference
about: Ecology
content size: 5725
contributor: Generation Service
copyright holder: NATL CENTRE MARINE RESEARCH
creator: Generation Service
date created: 2018-06-20 11:19:05.107000+00:00
date modified: 2025-03-05 00:46:15.660195+00:00
date published: 2018-06-20 11:19:05.107000+00:00
description: More than 60 marine non-indigenous species (NIS) have been removed from previous lists and 84 species have been added, bringing the total to 986 alien species in the Mediterranean [(775 in the eastern Mediterranean (EMED), 249 in the central Mediterranean (CMED), 190 in the Adriatic Sea (ADRIA) and 308 in the western Mediterranean (WMED)]. There were 48 new entries since 2011 which can be interpreted as approximately one new entry every two weeks. The number of alien species continues to increase, by 2-3 species per year for macrophytes, molluscs and polychaetes, 3-4 species per year for crustaceans, and 6 species per year for fish. The dominant group among alien species is molluscs (with 215 species), followed by crustaceans (159) and polychaetes (132). Macrophytes are the leading group of NIS in the ADRIA and the WMED, reaching 26-30% of all aliens, whereas in the EMED they barely constitute 10% of the introductions. In the EMED, molluscs are the most species-rich group, followed by crustaceans, fish and polychaetes. More than half (54%) of the marine alien species in the Mediterranean were probably introduced by corridors (mainly Suez). Shipping is blamed directly for the introduction of only 12 species, whereas it is assumed to be the most likely pathway of introduction (via ballasts or fouling) of another 300 species. For approximately 100 species shipping is a probable pathway along with the Suez Canal and/or aquaculture. Approximately 20 species have been introduced with certainty via aquaculture, while >50 species (mostly macroalgae), occurring in the vicinity of oyster farms, are assumed to be introduced accidentally as contaminants of imported species. A total of 18 species are assumed to have been introduced by the aquarium trade. Lessepsian species decline westwards, while the reverse pattern is evident for ship-mediated species and for those introduced with aquaculture. There is an increasing trend in new introductions via the Suez Canal and via shippin…
encoding format: application/ld+json
end time: 2012-12-01
license: no-permission
distribution category: Open access
type: ResearchObject
type: LiveRO
type: Dataset
type: BibliographyResearchObject
generated at time: 2012-12-01
domain: zoology
domain: botany
domain: marine biology
domain: biology
organization: European Union
place: Mediterranean Sea
place: Adriatic Sea
place: Suez Canal
place: Suez
concept: species
concept: aquaculture
concept: Mediterranean Sea
concept: Suez Canal
concept: Crustacea
concept: polychaete
concept: Adriatic Sea
concept: category
concept: Mollusca
field of research: environmental science and management
field of research: environmental sciences
IPTC: Animal
IPTC: Aquaculture
IPTC: Environmental pollution
IPTC: Plant
lemma: Suez Canal
lemma: mollusc
lemma: polychaete
lemma: alien species
lemma: Mediterranean Sea
lemma: species

biology
type: Domain
norm score: 13.461538461538462
score: 6.3

Mollusca
type: Concept
norm score: 5.677655677655678
score: 9.3

mollusc
type: Lemma
norm score: 7.224669603524228
score: 8.2

alien species in the Mediterranean Sea
type: Phrase
norm score: 5.147058823529412
score: 4.9

Aquaculture
type: IPTC
path: Economy, business and finance/Economic sector/Agriculture/Aquaculture

life sciences (general)
type: NASA
norm score: 50.0
score: 0.6390897035598755

aquaculture
type: Lemma
norm score: 5.903083700440528
score: 6.7

European Union
type: Organization
wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458

Suez Canal
type: Place
wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899

https://w3id.org/ro-id/cf03c823-68c4-41b1-add0-6884d84f1b6f
name: The dominant group among alien species is molluscs (with 215 species), followed by crustaceans (159) and polychaetes (132). Macrophytes are the leading group of NIS in the ADRIA and the WMED, reaching 26-30% of all aliens, whereas in the EMED they barely constitute 10% of the introductions.
type: Sentence
norm score: 15.849056603773585
score: 12.6

Suez
type: Place
wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134514

environmental sciences
type: FieldOfResearch
norm score: 50.0
score: 0.8094221353530884

marine biology
type: Domain
norm score: 7.905982905982906
score: 3.7

life sciences
type: NASA
norm score: 50.0
score: 0.6390897035598755

Environmental pollution
type: IPTC
path: Environment/Environmental pollution

aquaculture
type: Lemma
norm score: 5.903083700440528
score: 6.7

species
type: Lemma
norm score: 7.75330396475771
score: 8.8

environmental sciences
type: FieldOfResearch
norm score: 50.0
score: 0.8094221353530884

alien species in the Mediterranean Sea
type: Phrase
norm score: 5.147058823529412
score: 4.9

species shipping
type: Phrase
norm score: 13.235294117647058
score: 12.6

aquaculture
type: Concept
norm score: 4.5787545787545785
score: 7.5

zoology
type: Domain
norm score: 20.512820512820515
score: 9.6

Crustacea
type: Concept
norm score: 3.968253968253968
score: 6.5

Mollusca
type: Concept
norm score: 5.677655677655678
score: 9.3

Suez Canal
type: Concept
norm score: 4.822954822954823
score: 7.9

since 2011
type: TimeReference

service-account-generation-service
type: Agent

sig
has algorithm: RSA
signed by: RoCrateBot