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All rights reserved. http://resource.belframework.org/belframework/20131211/knowledge/large_corpus.bel http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title BEL Framework Large Corpus Document http://resource.belframework.org/belframework/20131211/knowledge/large_corpus.bel http://purl.org/pav/authoredBy http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RAxMTJENtdbDJFARa91CTfDJEKpPnstIym391Z2owWsKw#_6 http://resource.belframework.org/belframework/20131211/knowledge/large_corpus.bel http://purl.org/pav/version 20131211 http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RAxMTJENtdbDJFARa91CTfDJEKpPnstIym391Z2owWsKw#_5 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value The three classes of PDE4 isoforms differ in these regulatory modules, allowing phosphorylation by ERK to lead to either inhibition or activation. ERK inhibition of long isoforms is regulated by a unique feedback control whereby elevated cAMP levels cause PKA (protein kinase A) to phosphorylate UCR1 and ablate the inhibitory action of ERK. PDE4 isoforms can also be found in complex with beta-arrestins where they provide a novel part of the cellular desensitization mechanism to receptor-mediated cAMP signalling. Stimulation of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor recruits beta-arrestins with bound PDE4, delivering an enzyme capable of degrading cAMP at its site of synthesis at the plasma membrane a major role of recruited PDE4 is to regulate plasma membrane PKA activity involved in phosphorylating the beta(2)-adrenoceptor. 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