sub:provenance {
  beldoc: dce:description "Approximately 61,000 statements." ;
    dce:rights "Copyright (c) 2011-2012, Selventa. All rights reserved." ;
    dce:title "BEL Framework Large Corpus Document" ;
    pav:authoredBy sub:_3 ;
    pav:version "20131211" .
  sub:_2 prov:value "To study the effect of cigarette smoke on DNA damage, bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to either 5% CSE or 1 µM CPT for 24 h. The quantitative in situ TUNEL assay, in parallel with the MTT assay, was performed after 1-, 2-, 4-, 6-, and 24-h exposure. As shown in Figure 1, even 1 h of exposure to 5% CSE or CPT caused a significant increase of TUNEL-positive cells (54.9 ± 3.0% by 5% CSE and 31.2 ± 2.2% by CPT, respectively, P < 0.05 compared with control of 16.2 ± 0.3%, Figure 1A). TUNEL-positive cells gradually increased to nearly 90% in both 5% CSE- and CPT-treated groups as a function of time, although the 5% CSE effect was stronger than 1 µM CPT during the first 4 h. Cell viability as assessed by MTT, however, was not affected by 5% CSE but was significantly reduced by CPT at 6 h (100.3 ± 3.3% versus 61.3 ± 5.5% of control, P < 0.05) and at 24 h (103.2 ± 7.6% versus 26.6 ± 1.9% of control, P < 0.05; Figure 1B). Cigarette smoke-induced DNA damage was dependent on CSE concentration. " ;
    prov:wasQuotedFrom pubmed:15845867 .
  sub:_3 rdfs:label "Selventa" .
  sub:assertion prov:hadPrimarySource pubmed:15845867 ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom beldoc: , sub:_2 .
}