. . . . "" . "Ecology" . . . "the economy" . "Independent Samples Test" . . . "duration of lockdown" . . "Sweden" . . "economic growth of country" . . "lessons learned" . . "medicine" . . "death" . . "investment" . . "man" . . "health" . . "pandemic" . . "gross domestic product" . . "mortality rate" . . "economic growth" . . "economy" . . "contraction" . . "Austria" . . "country" . . "deterioration of economic system" . . "deaths of covid 19" . . "relationship" . . "Total Environ" . . "growth level of gross domestic product" . . "health sector" . . "Coccia" . . "France" . . "lockdown" . . "lockdown" . . "duration" . . "sector" . . "people" . . "deterioration" . . "Italy" . . "pandemic crisis" . "Total Environ" . . . "Portugal" . . "Spain" . "federica.foglini@ismar.cnr.it" . "Federica Foglini" . . "service-account-enrichment" . . . . "5592"^^ . "https://api.rohub.org/api/ros/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/crate/download/" . . "2021-12-10 09:57:53.690965+00:00" . "2025-03-05 02:47:41.945223+00:00" . "2021-12-10 09:57:53.690965+00:00" . "How is the relation between duration of lockdown and numbers of infected people and deaths of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and growth level of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in countries? Results here suggest that, during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, countries with a shorter period of lockdown (about 15 days: Austria, Portugal and Sweden) have average confirmed cases divided by population higher than countries with a longer period of lockdown (about 60 days, i.e., 2 months: France, Italy and Spain); moreover, countries with a shorter period of lockdown have average fatality rate (5.45%) lower than countries with a longer length of lockdown (12.70%), whereas average variation of fatality rate from March to August 2020 (first pandemic wave of COVID-19) suggests a higher reduction in countries with a longer period of lockdown than countries with a shorter duration (-1.9% vs. -0.72%). Independent Samples Test reveals that average fatality rate of countries with a shorter period of lockdown was significantly lower than countries with a longer period of lockdown (5.4% vs. 12.7%, p-value<.05). The Mann-Whitney Test confirms that average fatality rate of countries with a shorter period of lockdown is significantly lower than countries having a longer period of lockdown (U = 0, p-value =.005). In addition, results show that lockdowns of longer duration have generated negative effects on GDP growth: average contraction of GDP (index 2010 = 100) from second quarter 2019 to second quarter of 2020 in countries applying a longer period of lockdown (i.e., about two months) is about -21%, whereas it is -13% in countries applying a shorter period of lockdown of about 15 days (significant difference with Independent Samples Test: t(4) = -2.274, p-value <.085). This finding shows a systematic deterioration of economic system because of containment policies based on a longer duration of lockdown in society. Another novel finding here reveals that countries with higher investments in healthcare (as percentage of GDP) have alleviated fatality rate of COVID-19 and simultaneously have applied a shorter period of lockdown, reducing negative effects on economic system in terms of contraction of economic growth. Overall, then, using lessons learned of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic crisis, this study must conclude that a strategy to reduce the negative impact of future epidemics similar to COVID-19 has to be based on a reinforcement of healthcare sector to have efficient health organizations to cope with pandemics of new viral agents by minimizing fatality rates; finally, high investments in health sector create the social conditions to apply lockdowns of short run with lower negative effects on socioeconomic systems. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved." . "application/ld+json" . . "https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac" . . "The relation between length of lockdown, numbers of infected people and deaths of Covid-19, and economic growth of countries: Lessons learned to cope with future pandemics similar to Covid-19 and to constrain the deterioration of economic system" . "MANUAL" . . . . . . "Foglini, Federica. \"The relation between length of lockdown, numbers of infected people and deaths of Covid-19, and economic growth of countries: Lessons learned to cope with future pandemics similar to Covid-19 and to constrain the deterioration of economic system.\" ROHub. Dec 10 ,2021. https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac." . . "296"^^ . "https://api.rohub.org/api/resources/cc67e177-291a-473f-bc90-cc674b6bdb14/download/" . . "2021-12-10 09:57:57.350896+00:00" . "2021-12-10 09:57:57.352165+00:00" . "How is the relation between duration of lockdown and numbers of infected people and deaths of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and growth level of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in countries? Results here suggest that, during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, countries with a shorter period of lockdown (about 15 days: Austria, Portugal and Sweden) have average confirmed cases divided by population higher than countries with a longer period of lockdown (about 60 days, i.e., 2 months: France, Italy and Spain); moreover, countries with a shorter period of lockdown have average fatality rate (5.45%) lower than countries with a longer length of lockdown (12.70%), whereas average variation of fatality rate from March to August 2020 (first pandemic wave of COVID-19) suggests a higher reduction in countries with a longer period of lockdown than countries with a shorter duration (-1.9% vs. -0.72%). Independent Samples Test reveals that average fatality rate of countries with a shorter period of lockdown was significantly lower than countries with a longer period of lockdown (5.4% vs. 12.7%, p-value<.05). The Mann-Whitney Test confirms that average fatality rate of countries with a shorter period of lockdown is significantly lower than countries having a longer period of lockdown (U = 0, p-value =.005). In addition, results show that lockdowns of longer duration have generated negative effects on GDP growth: average contraction of GDP (index 2010 = 100) from second quarter 2019 to second quarter of 2020 in countries applying a longer period of lockdown (i.e., about two months) is about -21%, whereas it is -13% in countries applying a shorter period of lockdown of about 15 days (significant difference with Independent Samples Test: t(4) = -2.274, p-value <.085). This finding shows a systematic deterioration of economic system because of containment policies based on a longer duration of lockdown in society. Another novel finding here reveals that countries with higher investments in healthcare (as percentage of GDP) have alleviated fatality rate of COVID-19 and simultaneously have applied a shorter period of lockdown, reducing negative effects on economic system in terms of contraction of economic growth. Overall, then, using lessons learned of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic crisis, this study must conclude that a strategy to reduce the negative impact of future epidemics similar to COVID-19 has to be based on a reinforcement of healthcare sector to have efficient health organizations to cope with pandemics of new viral agents by minimizing fatality rates; finally, high investments in health sector create the social conditions to apply lockdowns of short run with lower negative effects on socioeconomic systems. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved." . "text/plain" . . "The relation between length of lockdown, numbers of infected people and deaths of Covid-19, and economic growth of countries: Lessons learned to cope with future pandemics similar to Covid-19 and to constrain the deterioration of economic system" . "2021-12-10 09:57:57.350896+00:00" . . . . . . "service-account-generation-service" . . . "2026-03-03T16:44:13.363+01:00"^^ . . . . "The relation between length of lockdown, numbers of infected people and deaths of Covid-19, and economic growth of countries: Lessons learned to cope with future pandemics similar to Covid-19 and to constrain the" . "RSA" . "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAxszSDYX5tuCSkP7UiCtftYPFNQVTjgNu0I5fwdML2DLRDlp0xzmsQXRk8oHuvwGvG1aMjj6cpUqO+0rz2Sg/wvHOgUpkRH8VJXvmlkhafMLCMtUtk5JIx7e+fkzCby+fnmD7kMkGLrT+OaExWwEDmNlCAt0TPKcHSdwsjso2isXjtAsGevyCMke8ufnFYpjs746JES1eNzVnHnn2Kp/lqcm60GM+J8dLgRZp7fX0anW098xhKym6+xXFzqeju0vYRIHBPerv+r7skWxwk+a7Sd8msqVeYEv6NTqnyWvyWb6Yh8cvj04N6qm/T6C5FUPLQhzSaQgMVMU6yLqjPuu9DwIDAQAB" . "jD4asCLU6JsIryAnup0eOMpu0ki+SPxiRAhbntpnq24mrSTCLTkcxJOVIayGVrUlba71254kc4EP2UH11Q+x50Y2ah6dA/8chxbm4cyC56+tX8VQZ+CvU67gt2QqNA3JzMGUDjGG2fBnUJFzBVJxnXHNOgZgQutNw4bAuZcCfHjE6neUkZsTeL3JnT1yQwjupsWA6ytC+MFzbGMF61dtNlkupVMXv2j2ba06QtIrq3+fDzXBb3fqZ3OJcimZSuj+PBZ/s/cK+dH0G8t+99mPXcvpjAH0+SQAp1ZE4nxQcFRIXllCwLNb8t7dsdpIk5a0GbOovowVgZHV6svkitBoWA==" . . .