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"@value" : "Federica Foglini" } ] }, { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/", "@type" : [ "http://purl.org/wf4ever/ro#ResearchObject", "http://purl.org/wf4ever/roevo#LiveRO", "http://schema.org/Dataset", "http://w3id.org/ro/earth-science#BibliographyResearchObject", "https://w3id.org/ro/terms/earth-science#BibliographyResearchObject" ], "http://schema.org/about" : [ { "@id" : "http://eurovoc.europa.eu/632" } ], "http://schema.org/author" : [ { "@id" : "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-0052" } ], "http://schema.org/contentSize" : [ { "@type" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer", "@value" : "5592" } ], "http://schema.org/contentUrl" : [ { "@value" : "https://api.rohub.org/api/ros/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/crate/download/" } ], "http://schema.org/creator" : [ { "@id" : "mailto:service-account-generation-service" } ], "http://schema.org/dateCreated" : [ { "@value" : "2021-12-10 09:57:53.690965+00:00" } ], "http://schema.org/dateModified" : [ { "@value" : "2025-03-05 02:47:41.945223+00:00" } ], "http://schema.org/datePublished" : [ { "@value" : "2021-12-10 09:57:53.690965+00:00" } ], "http://schema.org/description" : [ { "@value" : "How is the relation between duration of lockdown and numbers of infected people and deaths of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and growth level of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in countries? Results here suggest that, during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, countries with a shorter period of lockdown (about 15 days: Austria, Portugal and Sweden) have average confirmed cases divided by population higher than countries with a longer period of lockdown (about 60 days, i.e., 2 months: France, Italy and Spain); moreover, countries with a shorter period of lockdown have average fatality rate (5.45%) lower than countries with a longer length of lockdown (12.70%), whereas average variation of fatality rate from March to August 2020 (first pandemic wave of COVID-19) suggests a higher reduction in countries with a longer period of lockdown than countries with a shorter duration (-1.9% vs. -0.72%). Independent Samples Test reveals that average fatality rate of countries with a shorter period of lockdown was significantly lower than countries with a longer period of lockdown (5.4% vs. 12.7%, p-value<.05). The Mann-Whitney Test confirms that average fatality rate of countries with a shorter period of lockdown is significantly lower than countries having a longer period of lockdown (U = 0, p-value =.005). In addition, results show that lockdowns of longer duration have generated negative effects on GDP growth: average contraction of GDP (index 2010 = 100) from second quarter 2019 to second quarter of 2020 in countries applying a longer period of lockdown (i.e., about two months) is about -21%, whereas it is -13% in countries applying a shorter period of lockdown of about 15 days (significant difference with Independent Samples Test: t(4) = -2.274, p-value <.085). This finding shows a systematic deterioration of economic system because of containment policies based on a longer duration of lockdown in society. Another novel finding here reveals that countries with higher investments in healthcare (as percentage of GDP) have alleviated fatality rate of COVID-19 and simultaneously have applied a shorter period of lockdown, reducing negative effects on economic system in terms of contraction of economic growth. Overall, then, using lessons learned of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic crisis, this study must conclude that a strategy to reduce the negative impact of future epidemics similar to COVID-19 has to be based on a reinforcement of healthcare sector to have efficient health organizations to cope with pandemics of new viral agents by minimizing fatality rates; finally, high investments in health sector create the social conditions to apply lockdowns of short run with lower negative effects on socioeconomic systems. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved." } ], "http://schema.org/encodingFormat" : [ { "@value" : "application/ld+json" } ], "http://schema.org/hasPart" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/resources/cc67e177-291a-473f-bc90-cc674b6bdb14" } ], "http://schema.org/identifier" : [ { "@value" : "https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac" } ], "http://schema.org/license" : [ { "@id" : "https://choosealicense.com/no-permission/" } ], "http://schema.org/name" : [ { "@value" : "The relation between length of lockdown, numbers of infected people and deaths of Covid-19, and economic growth of countries: Lessons learned to cope with future pandemics similar to Covid-19 and to constrain the deterioration of economic system" } ], "http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#creation_mode" : [ { "@value" : "MANUAL" } ], "https://www.w3.org/ns/iana/link-relations/relation#cite-as" : [ { "@value" : "Foglini, Federica. \"The relation between length of lockdown, numbers of infected people and deaths of Covid-19, and economic growth of countries: Lessons learned to cope with future pandemics similar to Covid-19 and to constrain the deterioration of economic system.\" ROHub. Dec 10 ,2021. https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac." } ] }, { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/#enrichment_service-account-enrichment", "@type" : [ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent" ], "http://schema.org/name" : [ { "@value" : "service-account-enrichment" } ] }, { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/resources/cc67e177-291a-473f-bc90-cc674b6bdb14", "@type" : [ "http://purl.org/wf4ever/wf4ever#Resource", "http://schema.org/MediaObject" ], "http://schema.org/author" : [ { "@id" : "mailto:service-account-generation-service" } ], "http://schema.org/contentSize" : [ { "@type" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer", "@value" : "296" } ], "http://schema.org/contentUrl" : [ { "@value" : "https://api.rohub.org/api/resources/cc67e177-291a-473f-bc90-cc674b6bdb14/download/" } ], "http://schema.org/creator" : [ { "@id" : "mailto:service-account-generation-service" } ], "http://schema.org/dateCreated" : [ { "@value" : "2021-12-10 09:57:57.350896+00:00" } ], "http://schema.org/dateModified" : [ { "@value" : "2021-12-10 09:57:57.352165+00:00" } ], "http://schema.org/description" : [ { "@value" : "How is the relation between duration of lockdown and numbers of infected people and deaths of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and growth level of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in countries? Results here suggest that, during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, countries with a shorter period of lockdown (about 15 days: Austria, Portugal and Sweden) have average confirmed cases divided by population higher than countries with a longer period of lockdown (about 60 days, i.e., 2 months: France, Italy and Spain); moreover, countries with a shorter period of lockdown have average fatality rate (5.45%) lower than countries with a longer length of lockdown (12.70%), whereas average variation of fatality rate from March to August 2020 (first pandemic wave of COVID-19) suggests a higher reduction in countries with a longer period of lockdown than countries with a shorter duration (-1.9% vs. -0.72%). Independent Samples Test reveals that average fatality rate of countries with a shorter period of lockdown was significantly lower than countries with a longer period of lockdown (5.4% vs. 12.7%, p-value<.05). The Mann-Whitney Test confirms that average fatality rate of countries with a shorter period of lockdown is significantly lower than countries having a longer period of lockdown (U = 0, p-value =.005). In addition, results show that lockdowns of longer duration have generated negative effects on GDP growth: average contraction of GDP (index 2010 = 100) from second quarter 2019 to second quarter of 2020 in countries applying a longer period of lockdown (i.e., about two months) is about -21%, whereas it is -13% in countries applying a shorter period of lockdown of about 15 days (significant difference with Independent Samples Test: t(4) = -2.274, p-value <.085). This finding shows a systematic deterioration of economic system because of containment policies based on a longer duration of lockdown in society. Another novel finding here reveals that countries with higher investments in healthcare (as percentage of GDP) have alleviated fatality rate of COVID-19 and simultaneously have applied a shorter period of lockdown, reducing negative effects on economic system in terms of contraction of economic growth. Overall, then, using lessons learned of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic crisis, this study must conclude that a strategy to reduce the negative impact of future epidemics similar to COVID-19 has to be based on a reinforcement of healthcare sector to have efficient health organizations to cope with pandemics of new viral agents by minimizing fatality rates; finally, high investments in health sector create the social conditions to apply lockdowns of short run with lower negative effects on socioeconomic systems. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. 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