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All rights reserved. http://resource.belframework.org/belframework/20131211/knowledge/large_corpus.bel http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title BEL Framework Large Corpus Document http://resource.belframework.org/belframework/20131211/knowledge/large_corpus.bel http://purl.org/pav/authoredBy http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RADljVgEg0yboShf1onrguurYSEm2PAXnw7jmQDTyWFQU#_4 http://resource.belframework.org/belframework/20131211/knowledge/large_corpus.bel http://purl.org/pav/version 20131211 http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RADljVgEg0yboShf1onrguurYSEm2PAXnw7jmQDTyWFQU#_3 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value Both high glucose and ROS activate signal transduction cascade (PKC, mitogen- activated protein kinases,and janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription) and transcription factors (nuclear factor-kappaB, activated protein-1, and specificity protein 1) and upregulate TGF-beta1 and ECM genes and proteins. High glucose induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) (3,4) and upregulates TGF-b1 (5,6) and ECM (5-7) expression in the glomerular mesangial cells. 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